Abstract
Petrochemical complexes play a pivotal role in industrial economies but present substantial environmental risks, including pollution of air, water, and soil, as well as ecological disturbances. This study applies Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (Fuzzy FMEA) to perform an environmental risk assessment of petrochemical operations. By incorporating fuzzy logic into the conventional FMEA framework, the approach effectively quantifies key risk dimensions—occurrence, severity, and detectability—using linguistic variables to reduce ambiguity.Data was obtained from operational records, environmental monitoring systems, and expert consultations to assess and prioritize risks. Key findings reveal several high-risk failure modes. Major equipment leaks pose significant risks to soil and water, with a fuzzy risk priority number (RPN) of 0.778, necessitating measures such as advanced leak detection systems and regular maintenance. Toxic gas releases, impacting air quality, exhibit an RPN of 0.700, warranting enhanced gas monitoring and emergency response protocols. Wastewater discharge non-compliance, with an RPN of 0.620, contributes substantially to water pollution, calling for upgraded treatment systems and stricter monitoring. The results demonstrate that water pollution accounts for the highest environmental impact (36.4%), followed by soil (31.8%) and air pollution (27.3%). Noise pollution is the least significant risk (4.5%). Mitigation strategies include advanced monitoring technologies, improved maintenance schedules, and targeted safety protocols. This study highlights Fuzzy FMEA’s ability to enhance risk management in complex industrial systems and recommends its broader implementation to address environmental challenges in petrochemical operations.