Abstract
Poor hazardous waste management poses a significant impact on the environment and human health. Although Malaysia has established policies and regulations governing the framework and outlining future directions for sustainable waste management, implementing and monitoring the regulations is complex and rigorous. The need for continuous enhancement and renewal of regulations arises to keep pace with evolving technologies and changing circumstances associated with the production of hazardous wastes. Therefore, this review critically examines hazardous waste management in Malaysia by synthesizing current regulations, relevant literature, and case studies, with emphasis on recent technological and strategic developments. This study also delves into the current state of hazardous waste management practices in Malaysia, scrutinizing the existing regulatory framework and outlining future directions for sustainable waste management. This review also explores potential innovations and technologies that can shape the future landscape of hazardous waste management in Malaysia, ensuring a harmonious coexistence between industrial progress and environmental stewardship. This work provides a holistic view of Malaysia’s hazardous waste landscape and offers forward-looking recommendations for strengthening environmental resilience, governance, and sustainability.