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Submitted: 05 Nov 2021
Revision: 04 Jun 2022
Accepted: 19 Jun 2022
ePublished: 29 Jun 2022
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Avicenna J Environ Health Eng. 2022;9(1): 62-68.
doi: 10.34172/ajehe.2022.08

Scopus ID: 85135558328
  Abstract View: 399
  PDF Download: 242

Original Article

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Bottled Water: A New Automated Solid Phase Extraction Method and Simulation of Cancer Risk

Fatemeh Mahdavi Doost 1 ORCID logo, Mohammad Mehdi Emamjome 1 ORCID logo, Hamze Ali Jamali 1 ORCID logo, Hamid Karyab 1,2* ORCID logo

1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
2 Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Corresponding author: Hamid Karyab, Tel:+982833237269; Fax:+982833237269, Email: hkaryab@qums.ac.ir; , Email: hkaryab@gmail.com

Abstract

Considering the adverse effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on human health and the complexity of their detection in water resources, this study was developed to assess the performance of a new automated device for the identification of PAHs in water based on the solid-phase extraction and to simulate the cancer risk of 16 priority PAHs by Monte Carlo technique. All operational modes of extraction were automatically performed using the proprietary software program. Three spiked aliquots of PAHs including 100, 500, and 1000 ng/L were used to evaluate the performance of the automated-solid phase extraction (SPE) apparatus. The time of extraction in the automatic-SPE apparatus was 50±4 minutes for simultaneous extraction of 4 water samples, which was four times faster than that of manual-SPE apparatus. The mean recoveries of PAHs were 89.22±4.94, 91.70±4.45, and 94.61±6.28% in spiked samples, with a mean of 91.84±5.22%. Except for naphthalene, all obtained recoveries were in an acceptable range (85-115%). The results of Monte Carlo simulation showed that the cancer risk attributable to eight detected PAHs including naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene (Phe), benzoanthracene, chrysene, benzo(k) fluoranthene, indeno(cd)pyrene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene ranged from 0.05E-6 to 0.11E-6, with the cancer risk of 0.012E-6 having the highest probability (P=0.82). Additionally, this simulation showed that 99% of the probability density of cancer risk was located within the range lower than 0.05E-6. Our results showed that the novel automated-SPE apparatus could be utilized for the extraction of PAHs from water resources with a good recovery (85%-115%), high operational speed, and potential for separation of solvents from the air in the drying step. Therefore, this device can be used for the extraction of trace PAHs and similar organic compounds from water resources.

Please cite this article as follows: Mahdavi Doost F, Emamjome MM, Jamali HA, Karyab H. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from bottled water: a new automated solid phase extraction method and simulation of cancer risk. Avicenna J Environ Health Eng. 2022; 9(1):62-68. doi:10.34172/ajehe.2022.08
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